Like plate tectonics, mountains and deep-water sediments have kept the Earth’s climate “rich in gold.”
For hundreds of millions of years, the Earth’s climate has warmed and cooled with natural fluctuations in the level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere. Over the last century, humans have increased their CO₂ levels to a maximum of two million years, exceeding natural emissions, especially by burning fossil fuels, causing global warming that …