If you’ve watched or read any health-related news lately, chances are you’ve noticed mention of a new virus: monkeypox. An outbreak of monkeypox began in Europe earlier this year, and more recently cases have been detected in the United States.
Q. Is monkeypox a new virus?
A. The first human case of monkeypox was identified in 1970 in a 9-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, there have been cases of monkeypox in several countries in Africa, and there was also an outbreak in the United States in 2003, when 70 cases were reported. The most recent outbreak began in May 2022, with cases reported in several areas, including Europe, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. Monkeypox is a member of the orthopoxvirus family, related to the smallpox virus.
Where did the name “monkeypox” come from?
Monkeypox was first discovered in the 1950s when two outbreaks of a smallpox-like disease were observed in a colony of monkeys. The source of the disease, however, is still unknown, although African rodents and non-human primates such as monkeys can harbor the virus and infect humans.
What are the signs and symptoms of monkey pox?
Symptoms of monkeypox can include fever, headache, muscle aches and backaches, swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion, and respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, congestion, or cough. In addition, monkey pox may include a rash on the body. The rash may look like blisters and is often painful and itchy. Some people may have the rash first, after the other symptoms, while some only experience the rash.
How is monkey pox spread?
Monkey pox is spread through close personal contact. This can include direct contact with a rash or scabs from a person with monkeypox; touching objects or fabrics, such as bedding or towels, that have been used by someone with chicken pox; and contact with respiratory secretions. Monkey pox can also be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact.
How can I protect myself from monkey pox?
At this point, the risk of contracting monkey pox is low. Avoid contact with someone who has been diagnosed with monkeypox. If someone has monkey pox, they should avoid close contact with other people until their skin lesions are completely healed, which can take up to two weeks. If you have been exposed to monkey pox, contact your doctor for guidance.
What treatments are available for monkey pox?
For most people, monkey pox will resolve without any treatment. However, antiviral treatments are available for those with severe cases. Also, a vaccine is available. The CDC currently recommends vaccination for people who have been exposed to monkeypox and those who may be more likely to get monkeypox. The supply of vaccines is limited. The state of Michigan has received about 3,000 doses, which are currently being allocated to county health departments in Wayne, Washtenaw, Kent, Kalamazoo, Ingham, Genesee and Grand Traverse counties.
Lydia Watson, MD, is Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of MyMichigan Health.